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Juvenile Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis with Multiple Ventricular Septal Defects

Apollo Heart Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

For reprint information contact: Cheemalapati Sai Krishna, MCh, Tel: 91 891 272 7272 Ext 526, Fax: 91 891 256 0858, email: csaikrishna{at}yahoo.com, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Apollo Heart Institute, Waltair Main Road, Visakhapatnam 530 002, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Congenital heart disease is related to events occurring in the embryonal stage, while rheumatic heart disease is a sequela of immune-mediated damage following streptococcal infection. We report an unusual association of multiple ventricular septal defects and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension with rheumatic mitral stenosis in a 7-year-old girl. This case highlights the need for careful examination for coexisting rheumatic disease in late presentations of congenital heart disease.