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Juan C Chachques
Thierry G Mesana
Marc Ruel
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INVITED REVIEW

3-Dimensional Structures to Enhance Cell Therapy and Engineer Contractile Tissue

Olivier Schussler, MD, PhD1,2, Juan C Chachques, MD, PhD1, Thierry G Mesana, MD2, Erik J Suuronen, PhD1, Yves Lecarpentier, MD, PhD3,4, Marc Ruel, MD1

1 Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
2 Biosurgery Laboratory, Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
3 Cardiorespiratory Function Testing Unit, Bicêtre Hospital, Paris, France
4 Laboratory of Clinical Research, Meaux Hospital, France

Olivier Schussler, MD, PhD, Tel: +1 613 761 4893, Fax: +1 613 5367, Email: oschussler{at}ottawaheart.ca, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Suite 3403, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.

Experimental studies in animals and recent human clinical trials have revealed the current limitations of cellular transplantation, which include poor cell survival, lack of cell engraftment, and poor differentiation. Evidence in animals suggests that use of a 3-dimensional scaffold may enhance cell therapy and engineer myocardial tissue by improving initial cell retention, survival, differentiation, and integration. Several scaffolds of synthetic or natural origin are under development. Until now, contractility has been demonstrated in vitro only in biological scaffolds prepared from decellularized organs or tissue, or in collagenic porous scaffold obtained by crosslinking collagen fibers. While contractility of a cellularized collagen construct is poor, it can be greatly enhanced by tumor basement membrane extract. Recent advances in biochemistry have shown improved cell-matrix interactions by coupling adhesion molecules to achieve an efficient and safe bioartificial myocardium with no tumoral component. Fixation of adhesion molecules may also be a way to enhance cell homing and/or differentiation to increase local angiogenesis. Whatever the clinically successful combination ultimately proves to be, it is likely that cell therapy will require providing a supportive biochemical, physical, and spatial environment that will allow the cells to optimally differentiate and integrate within the target myocardial tissue.

Key Words: Cell Transplantation • Heart Failure • Myocardial Infarction • Tissue Engineering

Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2010; 18:188-198
© 2010 by SAGE Publications
DOI: 10.1177/0218492310361531




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